Showers and washbasins
Showers, washbasins, humidifiers and nebulisers: droplets of nebulised water are the route of infection.
Applications
Legionella control
Legionella is present at low concentrations in all natural waters and proliferates in water systems where there is stagnation, rust and biofilm, particularly between 25 and 55 °C. Transmission occurs through the inhalation of droplets of contaminated water. The prevention criteria and the available treatment systems are described below.
- Hotels, hospitals, nursing homes, swimming pools, cooling towers
- Comparison of disinfectants
- Volumetric and residual control systems
- Up to 28% reduction of the INAIL premium with LOTUS
25 – 55°CTemperature range at risk
50 – 60°CHot water storage tank temperature
0.1 – 1.0mg/lChlorine dioxide concentration (2015 guidelines)
28%Reduction of the INAIL premium
Legionella
Environments at risk
From natural environments (cold and thermal springs, rivers, lakes, soil) Legionella reaches municipal water networks and public and private water systems. Accommodation facilities (hotels, swimming pools), healthcare facilities (hospitals, care homes, nursing homes) and industrial facilities (cooling towers) require particular attention and appropriate treatment.
Swimming pools and spas
Swimming pools, saunas, steam rooms and whirlpool baths.
Cooling towers
Evaporative cooling towers release water droplets into the atmosphere.
Cooling towers →
Fountains and pipework
Fountains, sprinklers, water heaters, storage tanks, the lower part of hot water storage tanks and pipework with slow or no circulation.
Biofilm
Biofilm formation
Legionella and other microorganisms adhere to the walls of tanks and pipework, forming biofilm, similar to dental plaque or to the film that builds up on ship hulls. Rich in nutrients, biofilm protects bacteria from the action of disinfectants; it develops at points of slow flow (branches, bends, fittings, valves) or stagnation (dead legs, taps, shower heads, seals, aerators). With the water flow, fragments of biofilm detach and reach the outlets.
Insight: microorganisms and biofilm →
1
Free-floating bacteria
Bacteria, including Legionella, are present in free-floating form in the water coming from natural environments.
2
Adhesion
Some of the bacteria adhere to the pipe wall, particularly at points of slow flow or stagnation, producing the first adhesive substances.
3
Colonisation
The bacteria multiply and surround themselves with a nutrient-rich gelatinous matrix that protects them from the action of disinfectants.
4
Maturation
The biofilm grows and becomes organised; limescale and rust in the pipework promote its formation.
5
Dispersion
Owing to the flow, portions of biofilm detach: the bacteria reach the outlets and colonise other areas of the system.
Limescale and rust promote biofilm formation: it is advisable to reduce water hardness and to dose polyphosphates with an antiscalant and pipe-protecting action. To control Legionella, in addition to keeping hot water between 50 and 60 °C, chemical disinfection treatment is required.
Regulations
Regulatory framework
Those responsible for water systems are required to draw up a risk assessment document specifying the planned measures, their frequency and the means adopted to reduce exposure. If an employee or a guest becomes infected, the person in charge of the facility is liable to criminal prosecution.
Guidelines
Italian Guidelines for the prevention and control of legionellosis (2000; 2005 for accommodation and thermal facilities; a single text since 2015): requirements for public and private facilities.
The guidelines →
Health and safety at work
Italian Legislative Decree 81/2008 (D.Lgs. 81/2008): Legionella is classified as a group 2 biological agent; the risk of exposure requires assessment, prevention and protection for all persons present.
Employer obligations →
Drinking water and water systems
Italian Legislative Decree 18/2023 (D.Lgs. 18/2023, which replaced D.Lgs. 31/2001), amended by Legislative Decree 102/2025: quality of water intended for human consumption and Legionella risk assessment in priority buildings. UNI 8065 (Italian standard): treatment of water in civil heating systems.
Decrees and obligations →
Prevention
Preventive maintenance measures
These measures are not sufficient on their own: they must be accompanied by a disinfection system that protects the installation fully and continuously.
Every week
Flushing of all hot and cold water pipework by opening showers, washbasins and taps.
Every 30 – 90 days
Cleaning and disinfection of water filters and inspection of deposits.
Every year
Disinfection of the entire circuit, including the hot water storage tank, by shock treatment; draining, cleaning and disinfection of cooling towers, tanks, water heaters and pipework; descaling and disinfection of showers and taps; periodic replacement of aerators and flexible hoses.
How to choose
Criteria for choosing the treatment
The facility
In hotels and hospitals water must always be available: a treatment that does not interrupt the operation of the system is required. In large installations, on-site production of the disinfectant with a LOTUS generator is cost-effective.
LOTUS generator →The water
Hardness, iron, manganese, zinc, pH, temperature, turbidity and organic substances influence both the choice of treatment and the degree of contamination.
The installation
Age, wear and state of corrosion, diameters and routing, joints and dead legs, storage and recirculation, state of maintenance.
The materials
Porous and rough surfaces, glass and plastics promote bacterial proliferation; polyethylene is not subject to corrosion but promotes biofilm formation.
Chlorine dioxide
High effectiveness against biofilm, action independent of pH and of the presence of corrosion inhibitors, no formation of organohalogen compounds and greater residual effectiveness; less effective on copper, not suitable for galvanised steel. Concentration 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l; shock treatment 5 – 10 mg/l. On-site production avoids the formation of chlorites and chlorates.
Monochloramine
Good effectiveness against biofilm, action independent of pH, concentration of approximately 3 mg/l and high stability: it allows the disinfection of extensive and complex hot and cold water networks and is only slightly aggressive. Produced on site, it is cost-effective for large volumes of water.
MDS system →
Continuous hyperchlorination
Residual chlorine of 1 – 3 mg/l throughout the network, including the distal points. Chlorine is corrosive; at these concentrations the water is no longer drinkable (maximum 0.2 mg/l) and trihalomethanes are formed. Reduced effectiveness above 30 °C and pH 7 and against biofilm.
LDsCL system → Shock hyperchlorination
With the system at a temperature below 30 °C, 20 – 50 mg/l of chlorine (2 hours at 20 mg/l or 1 hour at 50 mg/l), followed by draining and restoration of 0.5 – 1 mg/l at the distal points. An effective but temporary treatment: recolonisation occurs within weeks or months; highly corrosive, it requires the use of hot water to be suspended.
Hydrogen peroxide and silver
10 mg/l of peroxide and 10 µg/l of silver, dosed with a pump and water meter: less aggressive than chlorine and chlorine dioxide, with no known by-products; more effective at pH below 8, not suitable for galvanised steel.
Ozone
A highly effective biocide, 1 – 2 mg/l produced by a generator; it decomposes rapidly into oxygen and has no residual effect, so it must be combined with another disinfectant. Poor effectiveness against biofilm, formation of by-products and, at high concentrations, damage to pipework.
Ozone measurement →
UV radiation
Radiation at 254 nm inactivates bacteria close to the point of installation, without by-products or changes in taste. With no residual effect, it is not sufficient for an entire building: it requires clear water, a water layer only a few centimetres thick and a complementary chemical treatment.
Thermal shock
Hot water storage tank at 70 – 80 °C for three days, with at least 30 minutes of daily flow through all branches. 60 °C is not always reached at all points, there is a risk of scalding (not applicable in facilities open to the public) and its effectiveness is limited in time.
Copper-silver ionisation
Ions produced by electrolysis, effective up to pH 9; they require continuous measurement (copper 0.20 – 0.40 mg/l, silver 0.02 – 0.04 mg/l) and water with hardness up to 15 °f, free from zinc, nitrates and chlorine; maintenance costs are high.
Treatment systems
Typical layouts
The solutions are presented from the most complete to the simplest: dosing proportional to the water meter disinfects the water as it enters the system; residual control dosing keeps the disinfectant concentration constant even when no water is drawn off, compensating for its rapid decomposition due to temperature.
1
Type 1 with Centurio PRO
The water meter is connected to the controller, which controls all three pumps: dosing proportional to the water meter is also set and controlled from the Centurio PRO and remotely.
2
Type 1 with LDsCL
The water meter directly controls the biocide and film-forming inhibitor pumps on the make-up water; the LDsCL controller measures the residual with the cell on the recirculation and controls the third pump.
3
Type 2 – Residual control
Cell and pump on the recirculation only: the LDsCL controller doses the biocide when the residual falls below the set value.
4
Type 3 – Volumetric with two pumps
Biocide and protective food-grade polyphosphate in proportion to the make-up water measured by the water meter.
5
Types 4 and 5 – Volumetric with one pump
The biocide alone, in proportion to the make-up water: pump on a panel (Type 4) or installed on the tank (Type 5).
Volumetric and residual control
Type 1 – Volumetric and residual control
Centurio PRO or LDsCL on a panel
The biocide and the film-forming inhibitor are dosed into the make-up water in proportion to the quantity of water measured by the pulse-output water meter; a third pump, controlled by the measurement of the residual biocide, doses the disinfectant into the hot water recirculation. The system is managed by the LDsCL controller or by the Centurio PRO, which can control all three pumps, also remotely.
Advantages
- Immediate disinfection of the incoming water and continuous control of the residual on the recirculation.
- Maintains the biocide concentration even when no water is drawn off.
- With the Centurio PRO all dosing, including dosing proportional to the water meter, is set and controlled from the controller and remotely.
Operation
- Make-up: pulse-output water meter on the cold make-up water.
- Biocide and inhibitor: the first pump doses the biocide and the second the inhibitor (polyphosphate), in proportion to the volume measured by the water meter.
- Residual on the recirculation: the biocide probe measures the concentration in the hot water and controls the residual control dosing pump.
- Safety: flow sensor and temperature probe on the recirculation.
Components
Centurio PRO
Multichannel controller with touch screen: it controls the make-up pumps and the residual control pump on the recirculation.
Centurio PRO →
Or LDsCL
As an alternative to the Centurio PRO: it controls the pump on the recirculation, while the water meter directly controls the make-up pumps.
LDsCL controller →
SCL17 and SCL18 hot water cells
Self-cleaning amperometric cells for the biocide residual on the hot water recirculation.
SCL17 and SCL18 →
Flow-through probe holder
In PMMA, with sample flow rate adjustment and flow sensor, which stops dosing when there is no circulation.
Probe holders →
KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →
Injection lance
It introduces the product into the centre of the pipe, improving mixing; it can be withdrawn with the pipe under pressure.
Lances →
Residual control
Type 2 – Residual control
LDsCL on a panel
The biocide is dosed only into the hot water recirculation: when the biocide concentration falls below the set value, the LDsCL controller activates the dosing pump.
Advantages
- Continuous measurement of the residual with the self-cleaning amperometric cell on the recirculation.
- Maintains the biocide concentration even when no water is drawn off, compensating for its decomposition due to temperature.
Limitations
- No dosing into the make-up water: the incoming cold water is not disinfected immediately, so frequent make-up causes a temporary and periodic drop of the disinfectant in the hot water recirculation.
Operation
- Residual on the recirculation: the sample taken from the delivery of the recirculation pump flows through the probe holder with the hot water cell and returns to the pump suction.
- Residual control dosing: the recirculation pump is activated when the residual falls below the set point, compensating for the decomposition of the biocide due to temperature.
- Alarms: out-of-range reading, faulty probe, product level and no flow in the probe holder.
Components
LDsCL controller
It measures the residual disinfectant with the amperometric cell and controls the dosing pump in proportion to the measured value.
LDsCL controller →SCL17 and SCL18 hot water cells
Self-cleaning amperometric cells for the biocide residual on the hot water recirculation.
SCL17 and SCL18 →Flow-through probe holder
In PMMA, with sample flow rate adjustment and flow sensor, which stops dosing when there is no circulation.
Probe holders →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller according to the measured residual.
KMS MF pump →Injection lance
It introduces the product into the centre of the pipe, improving mixing; it can be withdrawn with the pipe under pressure.
Lances →
Volumetric, two pumps
Type 3 – Volumetric with two dosing pumps
Panel with two dosing pumps
Combined dosing of biocide and protective food-grade polyphosphate, in proportion to the quantity of make-up water measured by the pulse-output water meter.
Advantages
- Immediate disinfection of the incoming water, in proportion to the volume measured by the water meter.
- The food-grade polyphosphate protects the pipework from limescale and corrosion, which promote biofilm.
- A simple solution, with no probes to calibrate.
Limitations
- No measurement of the residual: the concentration in the hot water recirculation is not controlled.
- When no water is drawn off, it does not compensate for the decomposition of the biocide due to temperature.
Operation
- Water meter: the pulse-output water meter measures the cold make-up water.
- Biocide: the first pump doses the biocide in proportion to the measured volume.
- Polyphosphate: the second pump doses the protective food-grade polyphosphate, also in proportion to the volume.
- Dosing verification: the flow sensor verifies dosing and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Components
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →
Flow sensor
It verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Flow sensor →
Multifunction valve
Safety, anti-siphon and drain valve on the pump delivery.
Valves →
Static mixer
It distributes the product injected into the pipe evenly.
Static mixers →
Tank
In PE, with suction lance fitted with foot filter and level probe, and safety bund.
Tanks →
Volumetric, one pump
Type 4 – Volumetric with one dosing pump
Panel with one dosing pump
Dosing of the biocide alone in proportion to the quantity of make-up water measured by the pulse-output water meter.
Advantages
- Immediate disinfection of the water entering the system, in proportion to the volume measured by the water meter.
- The flow sensor verifies that the product is actually injected.
- A simple solution, with no probes to calibrate.
Limitations
- No measurement of the residual: the concentration in the hot water recirculation is not controlled.
- When no water is drawn off, it does not compensate for the decomposition of the biocide due to temperature.
- No pipe-protecting product is dosed.
Operation
- Proportional to the volume: each pulse from the water meter corresponds to a volume of water: the pump doses a proportional quantity of biocide.
- Disinfection at the inlet: the water is disinfected as it enters the heating system.
- Dosing verification: the flow sensor verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
- Alarms: level probe in the tank: it signals when the product is running low and stops the pump.
Components
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Flow sensor
It verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Flow sensor →Multifunction valve
Safety, anti-siphon and drain valve on the pump delivery.
Valves →Static mixer
It distributes the product injected into the pipe evenly.
Static mixers →Tank
In PE, with suction lance fitted with foot filter and level probe, and safety bund.
Tanks →
Dosing station
Type 5 – Volumetric dosing station
Dosing station on a tank
The dosing pump, installed on the biocide tank, is controlled by the pulse-output water meter on the pipe carrying the water to be heated: the quickest solution to implement.
Advantages
- Immediate disinfection of the water entering the system, in proportion to the volume measured by the water meter.
- Pump and tank in a single station, ready for installation.
Limitations
- No measurement of the residual: the concentration in the hot water recirculation is not controlled.
- When no water is drawn off, it does not compensate for the decomposition of the biocide due to temperature.
- No pipe-protecting product is dosed.
Operation
- Proportional to the volume: each pulse from the water meter corresponds to a volume of water: the pump doses a proportional quantity of biocide.
- Disinfection at the inlet: the water is disinfected as it enters the heating system.
- Dosing verification: the flow sensor verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
- Alarms: level probe in the tank: it signals when the product is running low and stops the pump.
Components
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Flow sensor
It verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Flow sensor →Multifunction valve
Safety, anti-siphon and drain valve on the pump delivery.
Valves →Static mixer
It distributes the product injected into the pipe evenly.
Static mixers →Tank
In PE, with suction lance fitted with foot filter and level probe, and safety bund.
Tanks →
Comparison
The five types compared
Functions
| Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 | Type 4 | Type 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dosing into the make-up water (water meter) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Measurement of the residual on the recirculation | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Pipe-protecting product | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Dosing pumps | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Controller | LDsCL or Centurio PRO | LDsCL | – | – | – |
| Installation | Panel | Panel | Panel | Panel | On the tank |
Chlorine dioxide
Stabilised versus generated in situ
As an alternative to stabilised chlorine dioxide, where water consumption justifies it, chlorine dioxide can be produced directly in the installation using the LOTUS AIR generator.
Stabilised chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is stabilised to allow storage and transport; at the user’s premises it must be activated with a second product and is dosed with a dosing station or with the LDsCL system.
Advantages
- No production plant: a dosing station or an LDsCL system is all that is needed.
- Suitable for lower water consumption.
Limitations
- Once activated, it must be used within approximately 30 days, with progressively decreasing effectiveness.
- A few days after the drum is opened, chlorites and chlorates may form.
- Product cost considerably higher than that of the precursors.
Chlorine dioxide produced in situ
The LOTUS AIR generator combines hydrochloric acid (HCl 9%) and sodium chlorite (NaClO2 7.5%) in a reactor at ambient pressure; it produces, doses and measures chlorine dioxide.
Advantages
- Always fresh product, in small quantities, with virtually no by-products.
- Considerably cheaper precursors: on-site production becomes cost-effective in the medium term.
- Dosing by water meter, by measured residual, by 4/20 mA signal or by Redox, also at several points.
- INAIL suitability opinion: up to 28% reduction of the annual premium.
Limitations
- Cost-effective where water consumption justifies its adoption.
Configurator
Which system for your installation
Measurement of the residual on the recirculation, dosing into the make-up water and the pipe-protecting product determine the type.
Answer the questions: the recommended system appears below.
Recommended systemType 1 with Centurio PRO
The water meter is connected to the controller, which controls the biocide and film-forming inhibitor pumps on the make-up water and the recirculation pump: all dosing is set and controlled from the Centurio PRO, also remotely.
Components
Centurio PRO
Multichannel controller with touch screen: it controls the make-up pumps and the residual control pump on the recirculation.
Centurio PRO →SCL17 and SCL18 hot water cells
Self-cleaning amperometric cells for the biocide residual on the hot water recirculation.
SCL17 and SCL18 →Flow-through probe holder
In PMMA, with sample flow rate adjustment and flow sensor, which stops dosing when there is no circulation.
Probe holders →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →Injection lance
It introduces the product into the centre of the pipe, improving mixing; it can be withdrawn with the pipe under pressure.
Lances →
Recommended systemType 1 with LDsCL
The water meter directly controls the biocide and film-forming inhibitor pumps on the make-up water; the LDsCL controller measures the residual on the recirculation and controls the third pump.
Components
LDsCL controller
Measures the residual with the cell on the recirculation and controls the recirculation pump; the water meter controls the make-up pumps.
LDsCL controller →SCL17 and SCL18 hot water cells
Self-cleaning amperometric cells for the biocide residual on the hot water recirculation.
SCL17 and SCL18 →Flow-through probe holder
In PMMA, with sample flow rate adjustment and flow sensor, which stops dosing when there is no circulation.
Probe holders →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →Injection lance
It introduces the product into the centre of the pipe, improving mixing; it can be withdrawn with the pipe under pressure.
Lances →Recommended systemType 2 – Residual control
Measurement of the residual and dosing of the biocide on the recirculation only, with the LDsCL controller.
Components
LDsCL controller
It measures the residual disinfectant with the amperometric cell and controls the dosing pump in proportion to the measured value.
LDsCL controller →SCL17 and SCL18 hot water cells
Self-cleaning amperometric cells for the biocide residual on the hot water recirculation.
SCL17 and SCL18 →Flow-through probe holder
In PMMA, with sample flow rate adjustment and flow sensor, which stops dosing when there is no circulation.
Probe holders →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller according to the measured residual.
KMS MF pump →Injection lance
It introduces the product into the centre of the pipe, improving mixing; it can be withdrawn with the pipe under pressure.
Lances →Recommended systemType 3 – Volumetric with two dosing pumps
Biocide and protective food-grade polyphosphate in proportion to the make-up water.
Components
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Flow sensor
It verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Flow sensor →Multifunction valve
Safety, anti-siphon and drain valve on the pump delivery.
Valves →Static mixer
It distributes the product injected into the pipe evenly.
Static mixers →Tank
In PE, with suction lance fitted with foot filter and level probe, and safety bund.
Tanks →Recommended systemType 4 – Volumetric with one dosing pump
Biocide in proportion to the make-up water, with the pump on a panel and the flow sensor.
Components
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Flow sensor
It verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Flow sensor →Multifunction valve
Safety, anti-siphon and drain valve on the pump delivery.
Valves →Static mixer
It distributes the product injected into the pipe evenly.
Static mixers →Tank
In PE, with suction lance fitted with foot filter and level probe, and safety bund.
Tanks →Recommended systemType 5 – Volumetric dosing station
Biocide in proportion to the make-up water, with the pump installed on the tank.
Components
Pulse-output water meter
Turbine or Woltmann type, on the pipe: it sends the pump a pulse for each set volume of water.
Water meters →KMS MF dosing pump
Multifunction solenoid dosing pump with adjustable flow rate, controlled by the controller or by the pulses of the water meter.
KMS MF pump →Flow sensor
It verifies that the product is actually injected and generates an alarm in the event of a malfunction.
Flow sensor →Multifunction valve
Safety, anti-siphon and drain valve on the pump delivery.
Valves →Static mixer
It distributes the product injected into the pipe evenly.
Static mixers →Tank
In PE, with suction lance fitted with foot filter and level probe, and safety bund.
Tanks →
Installations
Installation examples
Systems are supplied pre-assembled and tested, in the form best suited to the plant room: on a panel, in a cabinet or on a skid (with cover, in a box or on a frame), also tailor-made. Some examples.
On a panel
Controller, pumps, probe holder and accessories mounted and wired on a wall panel.
In a cabinet
System panel and chemical tanks housed in a single cabinet.
Wall cabinet
Pipework, pumps and electrical panel in a wall cabinet with door.
Skid with cover
Skid with raised stainless steel frame and protective PMMA cover.
Skid in a box
Skid enclosed in a box with door, with the chemical tanks at the base.
Skid on a frame
Skid on a frame with doors, pre-assembled and ready for connection.
On the tank
Dosing pump mounted directly on the tank: the most compact solution.
In the plant room
Wall installation in the plant room, with the chemical tanks on the floor.
Pumps, controllers or components supplied by the customer can also be fitted, with custom dimensions, back panel and electrical panel. Dosing stations and skids →
Which one to choose
From the simplest to the most complete solution
For chlorine and other disinfectants the basic solution is the dosing station; to dose according to the concentration actually present in the water, measuring controllers are used.
Dosing station
The simplest solution: the pump doses at a constant rate or in proportion to the volume of water measured by the pulse-output water meter.
Details →
LDsRh
Dosing based on the Redox potential of the water: an economical solution, based on an indirect measurement.
Details →
LDsCL
The amperometric cell directly measures the disinfectant in mg/l, whether chlorine or chlorine dioxide, stabilised or produced on site by the LOTUS, ensuring maximum dosing accuracy.
Details →
LD Dual Parameter
Simultaneous management of two parameters, for example pH and chlorine, with a single controller.
Details → Centurio PRO
Management of up to 10 parameters and of all the pumps in the installation, with touch screen and remote control as standard.
Details → LOTUS AIR
Chlorine dioxide generator: it produces the disinfectant on site from the precursors and doses it in proportion to the water meter or to the measured residual.
Details →Assessment of your installation
Tell us the characteristics of the facility, the water and the installation: we will propose the most suitable Legionella control treatment, from analysis to remote monitoring.